His Henry & June (1990), a sexy, literate bio-pic about the torrid relationship between writers Henry Miller and Anaïs Nin, caused the rating system to change its stigmatizing "X" to a more palatable NC-17.
Kaufman followed it up with Henry & June, the first film to receive the MPAA's NC-17 rating — the new equivalent of the X, meant to ghettoize art films rather than pornography.
Director Philip Kaufman makes movies about people who want to (as one of his characters once put it) "alter the experiment": the James-Younger outlaw gang in The Great Northfield Minnesota Raid , the self-absorbed libertines of The Unbearable Lightness of Being and Henry & June , the Mercury astronauts with their cartoon machismo in The Right Stuff .
Instead, the helmer provides quality, and sometimes groundbreaking work, like the paean to America's space program, "The Right Stuff," and his controversial, NC-17 (the very first movie rated as such) "Henry & June."
Philip Kaufman, whose "Henry & June" was the first NC-17-rated film, ups the ante with a fictional account of the final days of history's most infamous pervert with a pen, the Marquis de Sade.